HollowFrame

Estate Agent London

2006-10-26T19:15:00.000-07:00

Robert Irving Burns specialise in London Commercial and Residential property services, including estate agent london and estate agent central london. Their centrally located ground floor offices, minutes from Oxford Circus offer an ideal marketing base for your property.

Frederick

2005-04-04T11:21:00.000-07:00

City, seat (1907) of Tillman county, southwestern Oklahoma, U.S. With the opening of the Kiowa-Apache-Comanche reservation to settlement in 1901, the community grew up around a stop on the Blackwell, Enid, and Southwestern Railway. Initially known as Gosnell and renamed in 1902 for the son of railroad magnate J.C. van Blarcom, Frederick developed as a shipping point for locally produced

Art, African, Igbo

2005-03-18T18:21:00.000-08:00

On both sides of the Niger, but mainly to the east, live the Igbo. Traditionally they have lived in small and often isolated settlements scattered through the forest. Only on the northern and western edges of the area, under influence from Igala and Benin, are hereditary rulers found. In Igbo society there is strong social pressure toward individual distinction, and

Admiral

2005-03-17T06:53:00.000-08:00

Any of several butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae (order Lepidoptera). They are fast-flying butterflies that are much prized by collectors for their coloration, which consists of black wings with white bands and reddish brown markings. The migratory red admiral (Vanessa atalanta), widespread in Europe, Scandinavia, North America,

Dyott, Thomas W.

2005-03-14T03:48:00.000-08:00

A druggist's apprentice in London, Dyott arrived in Philadelphia in the 1790s almost penniless and rented a basement room where by day he polished shoes and by night manufactured shoeblack. In 1807 he opened

Biblical Literature, Exegetical problems

2005-03-13T03:06:00.000-08:00

This third category does not involve any consonantal alteration but results solely from the different possibilities inherent in the consonantal spelling. Thus, the lack of vowel signs may permit the word DBR to be read as a verb DiBeR (“he spoke,” as in the Masoretic text of Hosea) or as a noun DeBaR (“the word of,” as in the Septuagint). The absence of word dividers could lead

Carte Du Ciel

2005-03-10T16:15:00.000-08:00

(French: “Map of the Heavens”), projected photographic mapping of some 10 million stars in all parts of the sky that was planned to include all stars of the 14th magnitude or brighter and to list in an associated catalog all of the 12th magnitude or brighter. The plan, devised about 1887 by Amédée Mouchez, director of the Paris Observatory, involved the cooperation of 18 observatories

Astor (of Hever Castle), Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount, Baron Astor Of Hever Castle

2005-03-08T14:12:00.000-08:00

He was the elder son of William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor, and a great-great-grandson

Abbott, George

2005-03-07T05:26:00.000-08:00

After graduating from the University of Rochester, N.Y., in 1911, Abbott began acting on Broadway in 1913. He soon began writing and directing plays as well, and he achieved

Abbott, George

2005-03-05T09:55:00.000-08:00

An extinct bird of the family Strigidae (order Strigiformes) that was native to New Zealand. It was last seen in the early 1900s. Laughing owls nested on the ground, where they fell prey to cats, rats, goats, and weasels. About 40 cm (1.3 feet) long and brownish in colour, they ate rodents, lizards, and insects.

Spotlight: Latin America's New Transportation Links

2005-03-02T11:07:00.000-08:00

By 1998 the common market concept within Latin America, as exemplified by Mercosur (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, with Chile and Bolivia joining as associate members), several bilateral trade agreements, and the rejuvenation of the Andean Community and the Central American Common Market, was contributing to a diminution of old geopolitical rivalries in

Earnhardt, (ralph) Dale, Sr.

2005-02-28T06:00:00.000-08:00

American race-car driver (b. April 29, 1951, Kannapolis, N.C.—d. Feb. 18, 2001, Daytona Beach, Fla.), was one of the most successful stock-car racing drivers in history. He won a total of 76 races in his career, and he captured the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing's (NASCAR's) Winston Cup season points championship seven times—a feat equaled by only one other driver, racing legend Richard

Lanchester, Frederick William

2005-02-26T04:02:00.000-08:00

In 1891, after attending Hartley University College (now the University of Southampton) and the National School of Science, Lanchester went to work for a gas-engine works in Birmingham. During his employment at the firm he improved its products

Cooper, Gary

2005-02-24T23:11:00.000-08:00

The son of a Montana Supreme Court justice, Cooper left Grinnell College, Iowa, in 1924 and went to Hollywood, where he earned a living

Architecture And Civil Engineering

2005-02-23T01:56:00.000-08:00

Privatization of power generation and its impact on dam building was under way in many countries. Zimbabwe was inviting private investment to

Downy Mildew

2005-02-21T06:15:00.000-08:00

Disease of plants, especially in cool humid regions, caused by several fungi, including species of Basidiophora, Bremia, Peronospora, Phytophthora, Plasmopara, Pseudoperonospora, and Sclerospora. White, gray, bluish, or violet downy patches of mildew form mostly on the undersides of leaves in damp weather. Pale-green to yellow or brown areas usually develop on the

Rawlings, Marjorie Kinnan

2005-02-19T22:36:00.000-08:00

Marjorie Kinnan graduated from the University of Wisconsin in 1918. The next year she married Charles A. Rawlings, a newspaperman, and worked for periods as a reporter and feature writer for the Louisville Courier-Journal and the

Biblical Literature, New Testament canon, texts, and versions

2005-02-16T22:56:00.000-08:00

(Canon): For the relevant primary texts on the history of the canon, see Daniel J. Theron (ed.), Evidence of Tradition (1957), with selected source material in Greek or Latin with English translation; and James Stevenson (ed.), A New Eusebius (1957). For introductions, see Alexander Souter and C.S.C. Williams, The Text and Canon of the New Testament, 2nd ed. rev. (1954); and Robert M. Grant, The Formation of the New Testament (1965). For a phenomenological approach, see Gerardus van der Leeuw, Phänomenologie der Religion, 2nd ed., 2 vol. (1956; Eng. trans., Religion in Essence and Manifestation, 2nd ed., 2 vol., 1963), ch. 64. (Texts): The major text for further study is Bruce H. Metzger, The Text of the New Testament (1964). (Translations): On translation in general, see Reuben A. Brower (ed.), On Translation (1959). For translation of the Bible into English, see Frederick F. Bruce, The English Bible: A History of Translations from the Earliest English Versions to the New English Bible, 2nd ed. (1970).

Circassian

2005-02-14T00:44:00.000-08:00

From ancient times Circassia, comprising roughly the northwestern region of the Caucasus, acquired the exotic reputation common to lands occupying a crucial area between rival empires. The early history of the Circassian peoples is fairly obscure. Though no Greek

Sacchi, Andrea

2005-02-13T15:59:00.000-08:00

His Bolognese training gave him an initial

Biblical Literature, The Sadducees

2005-02-10T13:08:00.000-08:00

The Sadducees, more conservative and static, consisted mainly of the old priesthood and landed aristocracy and, perhaps, some Herodians. They were collaborators with Rome. They did not believe in resurrection because they found no Old Testament enunciation of such a doctrine. In a way, they seemed to respect the Pharisees in legal matters; but both the Pharisees—because

Tzu Ssu

2005-02-09T04:09:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Zi Si, also called (Wade–Gile romanization) K'ung Chi Chinese philosopher, grandson of Confucius, native of the ancient state of Lu (present Shantung province), and according to tradition, the author of the Doctrine of the Mean. This classic, now part of the Li Chi (“Record of Rites”) and classified as one of the Four Books, reaffirms Confucius' interpretation of the mean as the state of equilibrium (chung yung) of the exemplary

Chemical Synthesis

2005-02-07T19:31:00.000-08:00

Chemists synthesize chemical compounds that occur in nature in order to gain a better understanding of their structures.

Cambium

2005-02-05T08:11:00.000-08:00

Plural Cambiums, or Cambia, in plants, layer of actively dividing cells between xylem (wood) and phloem (bast) tissues that is responsible for the secondary growth of stems and roots (secondary growth occurs after the first season and results in increase in thickness). Theoretically, the cambium is a single layer of cells, called initial cells; practically, it is difficult to distinguish the initials

China, Civil war (194549)

2005-02-02T01:38:00.000-08:00

In a little more than four years after Japan's surrender, the CCP and the People's Liberation Army (PLA) conquered mainland China, and, on Oct. 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was established, with its capital at Peking. The factors that brought this about were many and complex and subject to widely varying interpretation, but the basic fact was a Communist military triumph

Performing Arts, France.

2005-01-31T19:50:00.000-08:00

World War II was recalled in several films. In Laissez-passer, his film à clef, Bertrand Tavernier re-created the atmosphere of filmmaking in occupied France. Gérard Jugnot directed and starred in the accomplished Monsieur Batignole, about a Gentile butcher who saves a Jewish boy from the Gestapo. The American documentarist Frederick Wiseman filmed Catherine

Biblical Literature, Anglo-Saxon versions

2005-01-29T23:15:00.000-08:00

For about seven centuries after the conversion of England to Christianity (beginning in the 3rd century), the common man had no direct access to the text of the Scriptures. Ignorant of Latin, his knowledge was derived principally from sermons and metrical prose paraphrases and summaries. The earliest poetic rendering of any part of the Bible is credited to Caedmon

David De Mayrena, Marie-charles

2005-01-27T09:51:00.000-08:00

After defrauding French authorities in Saigon, David de Mayrena fled to Kontum in the Central Highlands, where he impressed the French missionaries and persuaded the members

Valdemar Iv Atterdag

2005-01-25T08:06:00.000-08:00

A son of King Christopher II, Valdemar lived after 1328 at the court of Louis IV the Bavarian, Holy

Fu-ping

2005-01-24T18:59:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Fubing, peasant “militia” system established in China around the 6th century AD. The fu-ping was first begun by the short-lived Western Wei (535–556/557) and Northern Chou (557–581) dynasties in North China in an effort to prevent incursions by the nomadic tribes of Central Asia. Groups of peasants were given military training and organized into armed companies in which they were required to participate

White Plains

2005-01-22T23:57:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1778) of Westchester county, New York, U.S. It lies along the Bronx and Hutchinson rivers. Known to the Wappinger Indians as Quarropas (“White Marshes”), probably for the area's heavy fogs, the site was sold twice (in 1660 and in 1683) by them to different groups, causing long litigation over the title and delays in the settlement of the area. An established community by 1735 within the town

Alcalde

2005-01-19T18:59:00.000-08:00

(from Arabic al-qadi, “judge”), the administrative and judicial head of a town or village in Spain or in areas under Spanish control or influence. The title was applied to local government officials whose functions were various but always included a judicial element. Types of alcaldes were differentiated according to the specialized nature of their judicial functions:

Altizer, Thomas J.j.

2005-01-17T00:33:00.000-08:00

A graduate of the University of Chicago (A.B. 1948, A.M. 1951, Ph.D. 1955), Altizer taught religion first at Wabash College (Crawfordsville, Ind.), from 1954 to 1956, and then at Emory University (Atlanta, Ga.) from 1956 to 1968 before becoming a professor of English at the State University of New York at Stony

Paasikivi, Juho Kusti

2005-01-16T01:36:00.000-08:00

Paasikivi studied law and history at the universities of Stockholm, Uppsala, and Leipzig and from 1902 to 1903 was a lecturer in law at the University

Strand, Mark

2005-01-14T18:38:00.000-08:00

Educated at Antioch College (B.A., 1957), Yale University (B.F.A., 1959), and the University of Iowa (M.A., 1962), Strand later taught at several American universities, including Brandeis, Princeton,

Both, Jan

2005-01-12T11:35:00.000-08:00

Both first studied with his father, Dirck Both, a glass painter, and then with Abraham Bloemaert. From 1638 to 1641 he lived in Rome with his brother Andries; in the latter year he returned to Utrecht, where he became a prominent

John I

2005-01-09T00:57:00.000-08:00

Also called John The Redhead, French Jean Le Roux duke of Brittany (from 1237), son of Peter I. Like his father, he sought to limit the temporal power of the clergy; consequently he was excommunicated, upon which he journeyed to Rome to win absolution. Subsequently, he and his wife, Blanche of Champagne, traveled with St. Louis on the crusade to Tunisia (1270).

Wahoo

2005-01-08T17:42:00.000-08:00

(Acanthocybium solanderi), swift-moving, powerful, predacious food and game fish of the family Scombridae (order Perciformes) found worldwide, especially in the tropics. The wahoo is a slim, streamlined fish with sharp-toothed, beaklike jaws and a tapered body ending in a slender tail base and a crescent-shaped tail. Gray-blue above and paler below, it is marked with a series

Lenin's Testament

2005-01-06T11:16:00.000-08:00

Formally Letter to the Congress , Russian Pismo K Syezdu two-part document dictated by Vladimir I. Lenin on Dec. 23–26, 1922, and Jan. 4, 1923, and addressed to a future Communist Party Congress. It contained guideline proposals for changes in the Soviet political system and concise portrait assessments of six party leaders (Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky, Grigory Y. Zinovyev, Lev B. Kamenev, Nikolay Bukharin, and Georgy Pyatakov). The testament, written

Alaskan Brown Bear

2005-01-03T13:40:00.000-08:00

Race or subspecies of grizzly bear (q.v.).

Alaskan Brown Bear

2005-01-02T08:20:00.000-08:00

The EEC was created in 1957 by the Treaty of Rome, which was signed by Belgium

Argentina, Settlement patterns

2004-12-30T17:15:00.000-08:00

The varied topography, climate, and natural resources of Argentina shaped the pattern of European settlement. Although modern transportation and industry have partly effaced regional differences, the organization of life in both city and country still follows patterns that were set in early colonial times.

Mahdi

2004-12-28T23:53:00.000-08:00

(Arabic: “divinely guided one”), in Islamic eschatology, a messianic deliverer who will fill the Earth with justice and equity, restore true religion, and usher in a short golden age lasting seven, eight, or nine years before the end of the world. The Qur'an (Islamic sacred scriptures) does not mention him, and almost no reliable hadith (saying attributed to the Prophet Muhammad) concerning

Episcopal Church In Scotland

2004-12-27T23:12:00.000-08:00

The development of Protestantism in Scotland went through confusing periods, with control alternating between the Presbyterian Party (those who believed in the presbyterian form of church government) and the Episcopal Party (those who

Sankt Michael

2004-12-25T01:41:00.000-08:00

Also called Michaeliskirche, basilican church in Hildesheim, Ger., that was built between 1010 and 1033 under Bishop Bernward, famous teacher and confidant of the Holy Roman emperor Otto III. The church is one of the most important examples of Ottonian architecture. The church was damaged in World War II but has since been restored to its original appearance.

Atatürk, Kemal

2004-12-23T01:17:00.000-08:00

One

Sian

2004-12-21T08:28:00.000-08:00

Cities have existed in the area since the

Gynecological Examination

2004-12-19T17:13:00.000-08:00

Procedures aimed at assessing the health of a woman's reproductive system. The general examination usually makes use of a speculum for a view of the vagina and cervix. More specialized procedures include the Pap smear (q.v.) for the detection of cancer of the cervix. In the diagnosis of possible infertility, useful procedures include the Rubin's test, which helps determine

Anthony Lagoon

2004-12-17T14:00:00.000-08:00

Settlement, east-central Northern Territory, Australia, on the Barkly Tableland. Named for a permanent water hole in the course of Creswell Creek, sighted in 1878 by Ernest Favenc, it became an important watering point on a cattle route from Western Australia to Queensland. Anthony Lagoon has an airfield and is an important station on the “beef road,” which carries linked

Penicillium

2004-12-15T17:46:00.000-08:00

Genus of blue or green mold fungi (division Mycota) of the form-class Deuteromycetes (Fungi Imperfecti). Those species for which the sexual phase is known are placed in the Eurotiales. Found on foodstuffs, leather, and fabrics, they are of economic importance in the production of antibiotics (penicillin, q.v.), organic acids, and cheeses.

La Vallière, Louise-françoise De La Baume Le Blanc, Duchess (duchesse) De

2004-12-12T13:01:00.000-08:00

La Vallière, the daughter of a military governor, was appointed maid of honour in 1661 to Louis XIV's sister-in-law Henrietta Anne of England, Duchess d'Orléans. Although Louis had been married to the Spanish infanta Marie-Thérèse for only about a year, he took La Vallière as his mistress in July 1661. In order

Arda River

2004-12-11T20:42:00.000-08:00

Greek Árdhas, river in Bulgaria, rising in the central Rhodope Mountains near the town of Smolyan and following a 180-mile (290-kilometre) course eastward past Kurdzhali and Ivaylovgrad to enter the Maritsa just west of Edirne, Tur., after a 23-mile (37-kilometre) course in Greece. The Bulgarian section has three hydroelectric and irrigation dams, among the largest in Bulgaria. In the upper valley

Czech Literature

2004-12-08T23:17:00.000-08:00

The body of writing in the Czech language. Before 1918 there was no independent nation of Czechoslovakia, and Bohemia and Moravia, the Czech-speaking regions that now constitute the Czech Republic, were for a long time provinces of the Habsburg Holy Roman and Austrian empires. Because of this, the evolution of the Czechs' literary language became historically linked

Aquinas, Thomas, Saint, Biblical commentaries

2004-12-07T18:44:00.000-08:00

Expositio in Evangelium S. Matthaei (1269–72); Expositio in Job ad litteram (1261–64); Expositio in Evangelium Joannis (1269–72); Exposition in S. Pauli Apostoli epistolas (undated; incomplete); In psalmos Davidis expositio (1272–73).

Domingo, Plácido

2004-12-05T14:32:00.000-08:00

Domingo's parents were noted performers in zarzuela, a form of Spanish light opera. He grew up in Mexico, where he studied piano at the National Conservatory of

Bhaisajya-guru

2004-12-02T06:39:00.000-08:00

(Sanskrit), Tibetan Sman-bla-rgyal-po , Chinese Yao-shih-fo , Japanese Yakushi Nyorai the healing Buddha, widely worshiped in Tibet, China, and Japan. According to popular belief in those countries, some illnesses are effectively cured by merely touching his image or calling out his name. More serious illnesses, however, require the performance of complex ritual acts, as described in the principal scripture of the Bhaisajya-guru cult. Bhaisajya-guru

Gsung-'bum

2004-12-01T04:32:00.000-08:00

The writings of the lamas include commentaries on Indian texts together with essays on

Orange River

2004-11-29T03:10:00.000-08:00

The first white man known to cross the river to the north bank was an Afrikaner elephant hunter, Jacobus Coetsee, who forded the Groot River, as it was then called, near the river mouth in 1760. Later expeditions across the river in the 18th century were led by the Afrikaner explorer Hendrik Hop; Robert Jacob Gordon, a Dutch officer; William Paterson, an English traveler; and the

Cobham, Sir Alan J.

2004-11-27T11:02:00.000-08:00

Cobham entered the Royal Flying Corps in 1917 and in 1921 joined Geoffrey de Havilland's new aircraft company, for which he undertook a succession of long-distance flights: 5,000 miles (8,000 km) around Europe; 8,000 miles (12,800 km) across Europe and North Africa;

Western Indian Bronze

2004-11-25T01:04:00.000-08:00

Important hoards have been discovered at Akota, near

Ring

2004-11-23T05:45:00.000-08:00

Basically, a ring consists of three parts: the circle, or hoop;

Anderson

2004-11-20T20:04:00.000-08:00

Anderson is a manufacturing

Amitayur-dhyana-sutra

2004-11-18T05:29:00.000-08:00

(Sanskrit: “Discourse Concerning Meditation on Amitayus”), one of three texts basic to Pure Land Buddhism. Together with the larger and smaller Sukhavati-vyuha-sutras (Sanskrit: “Description of the Western Paradise Sutras”), this text envisions rebirth in the celestial Pure Land of Amitayus, the Buddha of Infinite Life (virtually identical with Amitabha, “Infinite Light,” called

La Paz

2004-11-17T05:57:00.000-08:00

City, capital of the estado (“state”) of Baja California Sur, northwestern Mexico. Only 33 feet (10 m) above sea level on the La Paz Bay of the Gulf of California, the city has a hot, dry climate. The bay was discovered by the Spanish in 1596, and early in the 18th century it was temporarily the site of a Jesuit mission. The town was established in the early 1800s and was the capital of Baja California

Aeschylus, Recommended editions

2004-11-15T03:57:00.000-08:00

Aeschylus, 2 vol. (1953–56, reissued 1967), contains English translations of all the plays and is part of The Complete Greek Tragedies series, ed. by Richmond Lattimore and David Grene. Recent editions of the trilogy are Oresteia, trans. by Hugh Lloyd-Jones, 3 vol. (1979, reissued in 1 vol., 1982); and The Oresteia, trans. by Robert Fagles (1975, reissued 1984).

Medicine, Periodic medical examination

2004-11-13T21:27:00.000-08:00

Physicians in industry carry out medical examinations, especially on new employees and on those returning to work after sickness or injury. In addition, those liable to health hazards may be examined regularly in the hope of detecting evidence of incipient damage. In some organizations every employee may be offered a regular medical examination.

Eye, Human

2004-11-11T19:54:00.000-08:00

Specialized sense organ capable of receiving visual images, which are then carried to the brain.

Catalpa

2004-11-09T16:18:00.000-08:00

Any of 11 species of trees in the genus Catalpa (family Bignoniaceae), native to eastern Asia, eastern North America, and the West Indies. Catalpas have large, attractive leaves and showy, white, yellowish, or purplish flowers. The catalpa fruit is a long cylindrical pod bearing numerous seeds with white tufts of hair at each end. The common catalpa is C. bignonioides, which

Augustus Iii

2004-11-06T21:07:00.000-08:00

Also called Augustus Frederick , Polish August Fryderyk , German August Friedrich king of Poland and elector of Saxony (as Frederick Augustus II), whose reign witnessed one of the greatest periods of disorder within Poland. More interested in ease and pleasure than in affairs of state, this notable patron of the arts left the administration of Saxony and Poland to his chief adviser, Heinrich von Brühl, who in turn left

Reggio Nell'emilia

2004-11-05T07:17:00.000-08:00

Founded in the 2nd century BC on the Roman road Via Aemilia by Marcus Aemilius Lepidus as Regium Lepidi, it was later the seat of a Lombard duchy and then was ruled by its bishops. Under the protection of the

Feline Distemper

2004-11-03T05:18:00.000-08:00

Also called Panleukopenia, or Infectious Enteritis, viral disease of cats, kittens two to six months old being most susceptible. About 3 to 10 days after exposure to the disease, infected kittens cough and sneeze, have running eyes and nose, are feverish, lose their appetites, vomit, and have diarrhea. The number of white cells in the blood drops severely. The disease rarely lasts more than a week, but the mortality rate is high.

Meuse-argonne, Battles Of The

2004-11-01T00:08:00.000-08:00

Following the German retreat from the Marne River in July, General Ferdinand Foch and the Allied high command designed a series of convergent and practically simultaneous offensives against the shaken German armies. One was a joint operation in the Meuse valley toward the Mézière and

Asunción, La

2004-10-29T00:14:00.000-07:00

City, capital of Nueva Esparta state, northeastern Venezuela, on Isla de Margarita, in the Caribbean Sea, 12 mi (19 km) off the mainland. Lying in a fertile inland valley in the eastern portion of the island, La Asunción was first settled by Spaniards in 1524. Testimony to its prosperity during the colonial era is borne by the many remaining colonial buildings, most notably the Castle

Aschelminth, Size range and diversity of structure

2004-10-28T01:36:00.000-07:00

The five classes of aschelminths are of different sizes and varying importance. The nematodes are by far the largest group, with 13,000 to 14,000 named species and many times that number undescribed. Most of the described species are parasites of human beings, domestic animals, or cultivated plants and are therefore of great importance in medicine and agriculture. Typically,

Islamic World, The emergent Islamic civilization

2004-10-26T11:40:00.000-07:00

During the caliphate of 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (ruled 685–705), which followed the end of the second fitnah, and under his successors during the next four decades, the problematic consequences of the conquests became much more visible. Like their Byzantine and late Sasanian predecessors, the Marwanid caliphs nominally ruled the various religious communities but allowed the

Attalus, Priscus

2004-10-23T16:25:00.000-07:00

Attalus was born a pagan and was baptized by an Arian bishop. He was a senator at the time of Alaric's second siege of Rome, and he was named emperor of the West by the Goths after the city surrendered in 409. Attalus then urged the legitimate emperor, Honorius, to vacate his throne.

Kschessinska, Mathilde

2004-10-21T22:20:00.000-07:00

Kschessinska also spelled Kshessinska, Russian in full Mathilda-maria Feliksovna Kshesinskaya prima ballerina assoluta of the Imperial Russian Ballet and the first Russian dancer to master 32 consecutive fouettés en tournant (“whipped turns” done in place and on one leg), a feat previously performed only by Italian dancers and considered in that era the supreme achievement in dance

San Bernardino Mountains

2004-10-19T03:22:00.000-07:00

Segment of the Pacific Coast Ranges, extending southeastward for 55 mi (90 km) from Cajon Pass to San Gorgonio Pass in southern California, U.S. The two main peaks, San Bernardino (10,630 ft [3,240 m]) and San Gorgonio (11,502 ft; highest point in southern California), lie east of the city of San Bernardino. Much of the range is embraced by a division of the San Bernardino National Forest, where the main

Iturbide, Agustín De

2004-10-17T14:00:00.000-07:00

Like many young men of the upper classes in Spanish America, Iturbide entered the army, becoming an officer in

Haber, Fritz

2004-10-15T04:11:00.000-07:00

German physical chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1918) for his development of a method of synthesizing ammonia. With Carl Bosch, he invented a process for the large-scale production of ammonia for use in nitrogen fertilizer.

Nara

2004-10-13T05:24:00.000-07:00

City, Nara ken (prefecture), southern Honshu, Japan. The city of Nara, the prefectural capital, is located in the hilly northeastern edge of the Nara Basin, 25 miles (40 km) east of Osaka. It was the national capital of Japan from 710 to 784—when it was called Heijo-kyo—and retains the atmosphere of ancient Japan. The city is most noted for the many ancient Japanese Buddhist buildings and artifacts

Berdyansk

2004-10-12T13:37:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Berdiansk, formerly (1939–58) Osipenko, city and port, Zaporizhzhya oblast (province), southeastern Ukraine. It lies along the Berdyansk Gulf of the Sea of Azov. Founded in 1827, the city is a holiday and health resort. Its industries include engineering, oil processing, flour milling, and fishing. Pop. (1991 est.) 138,700.

Adams, Charles Follen

2004-10-10T13:18:00.000-07:00

During the American Civil War he was wounded and taken prisoner. In 1872 he began writing humorous verses for periodicals and newspapers in a Pennsylvania German dialect. Collections of his verse are Leedle Yawcob Strauss, and Other Poems (1877) and

Piet'any

2004-10-05T08:26:00.000-07:00

Hungarian Pöstyén, town, Západní Slovensko kraj (region), Slovakia, on the Váh River, approximately 48 miles (77 km) northeast of Bratislava. Piešt'any is a Carpathian health resort, known since the Middle Ages for its warm sulfur springs and mud baths. It has specialized since the 16th century in treating rheumatic and arthritic diseases. The State Research Institute for Rheumatic Diseases is

Remiremont

2004-10-04T23:48:00.000-07:00

Town, Vosges département, Franche–Comté region, eastern France. It lies along the Moselle River near the latter's confluence with the Moselotte and is surrounded by wooded heights. Remiremont (Romaraci Mons) is named after St. Romaric, a companion of St. Columban at Luxeuil, who in the 7th century founded a monastery and a convent on the hills above the present town. In 910 an

Damsel Bug

2004-10-04T08:20:00.000-07:00

Each foreleg of the damsel bug is slightly thickened and has a double row of

Alabama, Health and welfare

2004-10-03T15:06:00.000-07:00

In rural areas and among nonwhites, educational and economic opportunities are fewer, and health and medical resources and services are less available. Welfare payments in Alabama rank low by national standards. Penal institutions include several prisons and camps for youthful offenders. Controversy over conditions in these institutions has occasionally

Tasmania, Demographic trends

2004-10-02T08:34:00.000-07:00

Tasmania continues to have a higher birth rate than most other states, but, as in Australia generally, crude birth rates have tended to fall, average birth rates declining in the middle and late 20th century. Birth rates are lower in the cities than in the smaller towns and rural areas. Death rates remain fairly constant. Infant mortality rates are among the lowest in

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.

2004-10-01T08:59:00.000-07:00

Powell was the son of the pastor of the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, New York City. Brought up in a middle-class home, he received his B.A. from Colgate University (Hamilton, N.Y.) in 1930 and his M.A. from Columbia University

English Literature, Locke

2004-09-29T14:35:00.000-07:00

One other late 17th-century figure with a formidable influence in the 18th century demands consideration: the philosopher John Locke. His Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) rejects a belief in innate ideas and argues that the mind at birth is a tabula rasa. Experience of the world can only be accumulated through the senses, which are themselves prone to unreliability.

Qatar

2004-09-29T05:07:00.000-07:00

Comparative coverage with the other Persian Gulf states is provided by Helen Chapin Metz (ed.), Persian Gulf States: Country Studies, 3rd ed. (1994); F. Gregory Gause, III, Oil Monarchies: Domestic and Security Challenges in the Arab Gulf States (1994); Rosemarie Said Zahlan, The Making of the Modern Gulf States, rev. and updated ed. (1998); Khaldoun Hasan al-Naqeeb, Society and State in the Gulf and Arab Peninsula: A Different Perspective, trans. from Arabic (1990); and Michael Herb, All in the Family: Absolutism, Revolution, and Democracy in the Middle Eastern Monarchies (1999). Historical overviews are found in Frederick F. Anscombe, The Ottoman Gulf: The Creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar (1997); and Rosemarie Said Zahlan, The Creation of Qatar (1979). Sources on social conditions include Klaus Ferdinand, Bedouins of Qatar, trans. from Danish (1993); and Abeer Abu Saud, Qatari Women: Past and Present (1984). Ragaei El Mallakh, Qatar: Energy and Development (1985); and Zuhair Ahmed Nafi, Economic and Social Development in Qatar (1983), examine economic issues. Nathan J. Brown, The Rule of Law in the Arab World: Courts in Egypt and the Gulf (1997), is a study of the judicial system. An analysis of historical and contemporary politics is provided by Jill Crystal, Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar, updated ed. (1995).

Forbes, Edward

2004-09-28T07:26:00.000-07:00

While a medical student at Edinburgh, Forbes embarked upon a botanical tour of Norway (1833). Drawn to natural science, he then began an extensive study

Computers, Invention of the modern computer

2004-09-26T11:31:00.000-07:00

G. Pascal Zachary, Endless Frontier: Vannevar Bush, Engineer of the American Century (1997), presents a detailed account of Bush's role in transforming scientific research in the United States through government funding.

Cetacean, Feeding adaptations

2004-09-26T08:27:00.000-07:00

Before cetaceans evolved aquatic adaptations, they had a fully differentiated set of teeth (heterodont dentition), including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. As the animals became more adapted to aquatic locomotion and lost the ability to manipulate food with their forelimbs, they started grabbing their food and swallowing it whole. In toothed

Chia-i

2004-09-24T01:42:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Chiayi, hsien (county), west-central Taiwan, with an area of 734 square miles (1,902 square km). It is bounded by the hsien of Yün-lin and Nan-t'ou (north), Kao-hsiung (east), and T'ai-nan (south) and by the Taiwan Strait (west). The A-li Mountains dominate the eastern region, and there are coastal plains in the west. Paddy rice, sugarcane, peanuts (groundnuts), corn (maize), jute, bananas, pineapples, and citrus fruits

Adolf

2004-09-23T23:48:00.000-07:00

Adolf, who was count of Nassau from 1277 and a mercenary soldier of repute, was chosen king at Frankfurt by the German electors, who preferred him to Albert as successor to Albert's father, Rudolf I, the first Habsburg king. After his coronation at Aachen

Zacconi, Lodovico

2004-09-23T16:56:00.000-07:00

Zacconi became a priest, later an Augustinian, and studied music with Andrea Gabrieli in Venice, where he was musical director for his order. He went to Vienna in 1585 at the invitation of the archduke Charles. In 1592 he published

Saarland

2004-09-21T18:17:00.000-07:00

The coal seams stretch for a distance of about

Wake

2004-09-20T18:14:00.000-07:00

Watch or vigil held over the body of a dead person before burial and sometimes accompanied by festivity; also, in England, a vigil kept in commemoration of the dedication of the parish church. The latter type of wake consisted of an all-night service of prayer and meditation in the church. These services, officially termed Vigiliae by the church, appear to have existed

Visconti, Matteo I

2004-09-19T03:25:00.000-07:00

Installed as captain of the people in 1287 with the help of his great-uncle Ottone Visconti, archbishop of Milan, Matteo succeeded in extending his six-month term to five years and in being several times reelected. In 1294 the German king Adolf of Nassau

HollowFrame

Estate Agent London

Frederick

Art, African, Igbo

Admiral

Dyott, Thomas W.

Biblical Literature, Exegetical problems

Carte Du Ciel

Astor (of Hever Castle), Waldorf Astor, 2nd Viscount, Baron Astor Of Hever Castle

Abbott, George

Abbott, George

Spotlight: Latin America's New Transportation Links

Earnhardt, (ralph) Dale, Sr.

Lanchester, Frederick William

Cooper, Gary

Architecture And Civil Engineering

Downy Mildew

Rawlings, Marjorie Kinnan

Biblical Literature, New Testament canon, texts, and versions

Circassian

Sacchi, Andrea

Biblical Literature, The Sadducees

Tzu Ssu

Chemical Synthesis

Cambium

China, Civil war (194549)

Performing Arts, France.

Biblical Literature, Anglo-Saxon versions

David De Mayrena, Marie-charles

Valdemar Iv Atterdag

Fu-ping

White Plains

Alcalde

Altizer, Thomas J.j.

Paasikivi, Juho Kusti

Strand, Mark

Both, Jan

John I

Wahoo

Lenin's Testament

Alaskan Brown Bear

Alaskan Brown Bear

Argentina, Settlement patterns

Mahdi

Episcopal Church In Scotland

Sankt Michael

Atatürk, Kemal

Sian

Gynecological Examination

Anthony Lagoon

Penicillium

La Vallière, Louise-françoise De La Baume Le Blanc, Duchess (duchesse) De

Arda River

Czech Literature

Aquinas, Thomas, Saint, Biblical commentaries

Domingo, Plácido

Bhaisajya-guru

Gsung-'bum

Orange River

Cobham, Sir Alan J.

Western Indian Bronze

Ring

Anderson

Amitayur-dhyana-sutra

La Paz

Aeschylus, Recommended editions

Medicine, Periodic medical examination

Eye, Human

Catalpa

Augustus Iii

Reggio Nell'emilia

Feline Distemper

Meuse-argonne, Battles Of The

Asunción, La

Aschelminth, Size range and diversity of structure

Islamic World, The emergent Islamic civilization

Attalus, Priscus

Kschessinska, Mathilde

San Bernardino Mountains

Iturbide, Agustín De

China, Civil war (194549)

Piet'any